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Linux 环境下 Mysql 5.7 数据定期备份

news 2025/5/2 12:38:52

一、创建数据备份脚本

1.1 创建脚本文件

# 路径根据实际情况修改
[root@openeuler ~]# sudo vi /mnt/mysql/backup_script.sh

1.2 写入脚本内容

#!/bin/bash# MySQL配置
MYSQL_USER="root"
MYSQL_PWD="root"
MYSQL_HOST="localhost"
MYSQL_PORT="3366"
MYSQL_BIN="/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql"
MYSQLDUMP_BIN="/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump"# 备份配置
BACKUP_DIR="/mnt/mysql/backup_data"
BACKUP_LOG_FILE="$BACKUP_DIR/backup.log"
DATABASES=("rmcbs" "gdzj")
MAX_BACKUPS=7# 创建备份目录（如果不存在）
if [ ! -d "$BACKUP_DIR" ]; thenmkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"
fi# 记录日志函数
log() {local timestamp=$(date +"%Y%m%d %H:%M:%S")echo "$timestamp $1 $2" >> "$BACKUP_LOG_FILE"
}log "INFO" ""
log "INFO" "================== start 备份 =================="# 检查数据库是否存在
check_db_exists() {local db_name=$1local query="SELECT SCHEMA_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA WHERE SCHEMA_NAME = '$db_name'"local result=$($MYSQL_BIN -h "$MYSQL_HOST" -P "$MYSQL_PORT" -u "$MYSQL_USER" -p"$MYSQL_PWD" -e "$query" 2>/dev/null | grep -c "$db_name")[ "$result" -eq 1 ]
}# 备份每个数据库
for db in "${DATABASES[@]}"; doif check_db_exists "$db"; thenbackup_file="$BACKUP_DIR/${db}_backup_$(date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S").sql"if $MYSQLDUMP_BIN -h "$MYSQL_HOST" -P "$MYSQL_PORT" -u "$MYSQL_USER" -p"$MYSQL_PWD" "$db" > "$backup_file"; thenlog "SUCCESS" "成功备份数据库 $db 到 $backup_file"# 压缩备份文件if gzip "$backup_file"; thenlog "SUCCESS" "成功压缩数据库 $db 的备份文件"elselog "FAILURE" "压缩数据库 $db 的备份文件失败"fielselog "FAILURE" "备份数据库 $db 失败"fi# 清理旧备份backup_count=$(ls -1 "$BACKUP_DIR/${db}_backup_"*.sql.gz 2>/dev/null | wc -l)if [ $backup_count -gt $MAX_BACKUPS ]; thenfiles_to_delete=$((backup_count - MAX_BACKUPS))ls -1t "$BACKUP_DIR/${db}_backup_"*.sql.gz | tail -n $files_to_delete | xargs rm -flog "SUCCESS" "删除 $db 的 $files_to_delete 个旧备份文件"fielselog "WARNING" "数据库 $db 不存在，跳过备份"fi
done log "INFO" "================== end 备份 =================="
log "INFO" ""

1.3 添加执行权限

[root@openeuler ~]# chmod +x /mnt/mysql/backup_script.sh

1.4 配置定时任务

# 编辑 crontab
[root@openeuler ~]# crontab -e# 按【i】键进行编辑，设置环境变量，【ESC】退出编辑，【:wq】保存内容
# 写入下列内容：
# 每天凌晨2点执行备份脚本
0 2 * * * /mnt/mysql/backup_script.sh
# 每1分钟执行一次备份
# */1 * * * * /mnt/mysql/backup_script.sh# 验证 crontab
[root@openeuler ~]# crontab -l

二、查看备份日志

[root@openeuler ~]# tail -1000f /mnt/mysql/backup_data/backup.log

三、数据库数据恢复

注意：
此处命令是上一版本的数据库全量恢复，在生产环境中一定要注意，最好是手动执行按表恢复，防止数据丢失！！！以防万一！！！

# 若数据库不存在则创建
[root@openeuler ~]# mysql -h localhost -P 3366 -u root -proot -e "CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS [数据库名];" 2>/dev/null# 恢复数据库，先解压备份文件再导入
[root@openeuler ~]# zcat /mnt/mysql/backup_data/[备份名称].sql.gz | mysql -h localhost -P 3366 -u root -proot [数据库名] 2>/dev/null

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