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【工具使用】clang++踩坑记录

news 2025/11/12 14:36:00

问题解决过程

起源是学习Makefile时，尝试编译一直编译不起来
相关代码👉在这里
make是一只报错找不到库：
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这里用clang++编译，尝试用g++编译，能够通过，排除没有iostream的问题
考虑是否为Makefile的问题，尝试用clang++直接编译CPP文件，依然不通过，考虑为clang++配置的问题
这就需要考虑进行vscode 的一些配置了，操作后的配置文件在后面附上（不一定通用，在当前状态运行通过）
最后由tasks.json给的提示，给clang++指定一个参数：“–target=x86_64-w64-mingw”
尝试直接在CPP文件上操作，通过
那么将这条参数修改到Makefile中，这里注意不能直接加到$(CXX) -o $@ $(objects)里面，需要再定义一个CXXFLAGS：CXXFLAGS := --target=x86_64-w64-windows-gnu
通过！~~
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附录：配置文件

c_cpp_properties.json

//c_cpp_properties.json
{"configurations": [{"name": "g++","intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64","compilerPath": "D:/ProgramFiles/LLVM/bin/g++.exe","includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}"],"defines": [],"browse": {"path": ["${workspaceFolder}"],"limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true,"databaseFilename": ""},"cStandard": "c11","cppStandard": "c++17"}],"version": 4
}

tasks.json

	// tasks.json
{"version": "2.0.0","command": "clang++", // 要使用的编译器"args": [ // 编译命令参数"${file}", //要编译的文件名，你也可以改成 *.cpp 表示编译当前目录所有的cpp文件"-o", //指定生成的程序名字"${file}.exe", //这是你要生成的程序名字"-Wall", // 开启额外警告"-g", // 生成和调试有关的信息"-static-libgcc", // 静态链接"-fcolor-diagnostics", //彩色信息"-w", //屏蔽警告"--target=x86_64-w64-mingw", // 默认target为msvc，不加这一条就会找不到头文件//以下都是链接库参数，需要链接什么库就加在这"-lws2_32","-lIphlpapi","-lgdi32"],"tasks": [{"label": "clang++", // 任务名称，与launch.json的preLaunchTask相对应"type": "shell","group": {"kind": "build","isDefault": true // 设为false可做到一个tasks.json配置多个编译指令，需要自己修改本文件，我这里不多提},"presentation": {"echo": true,"reveal": "always", // 在“终端”中显示编译信息的策略，可以为always，silent，never。具体参见VSC的文档"focus": false, // 设为true后可以使执行task时焦点聚集在终端，但对编译c和c++来说，设为true没有意义"panel": "shared" // 不同的文件的编译信息共享一个终端面板}}],"problemMatcher": {"owner": "c","fileLocation": ["relative","${workspaceRoot}"],"pattern": {"regexp": "^(.*):(\\d+):(\\d+):\\s+(warning|error):\\s+(.*)$","file": 1,"line": 2,"column": 3,"severity": 4,"message": 5}}
}

launch.json

// launch.json
{// 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。 // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。// 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387"version": "0.2.0","configurations": [{"name": "(gdb) Launch", // 配置名称，将会在启动配置的下拉菜单中显示"type": "cppdbg", // 配置类型，这里只能为cppdbg"request": "launch", // 请求配置类型，可以为launch（启动）或attach（附加）"program": "${file}.exe", // 将要进行调试的程序的路径"args": [], // 程序调试时传递给程序的命令行参数，一般设为空即可"stopAtEntry": false, // 设为true时程序将暂停在程序入口处，我一般设置为true"cwd": "${workspaceRoot}", // 调试程序时的工作目录"targetArchitecture": "x86_64", // 生成目标架构，一般为x86或x64，可以为x86, arm, arm64, mips, x64, amd64, x86_64"externalConsole": true,"internalConsoleOptions": "neverOpen","MIMode": "gdb", //调试器名称"miDebuggerPath": "D:\\ProgramFiles\\LLVM\\bin\\gdb.exe", //调试器路径"preLaunchTask": "clang++", //和tasks.json的label值要相同"setupCommands": [{"description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印","text": "-enable-pretty-printing","ignoreFailures": true}]}]
}

settings.json

// settings.json
{"files.defaultLanguage": "cpp", // ctrl+N新建文件后默认的语言"editor.formatOnType": true, // 输入时就进行格式化，默认触发字符较少，分号可以触发"editor.snippetSuggestions": "top", // snippets代码优先显示补全"code-runner.runInTerminal": true, // 设置成false会在“输出”中输出，无法输入"code-runner.executorMap": {"c": "cd $dir && clang $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt.exe -Wall -g -Og -static-libgcc -fcolor-diagnostics -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -lgdi32 -w --target=x86_64-w64-mingw && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt","cpp": "cd $dir && clang++ $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt.exe -Wall -g -Og -static-libgcc -fcolor-diagnostics -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -lgdi32 -w --target=x86_64-w64-mingw && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt"}, // 设置code runner的命令行,点击右上角的运行跑的就是这些代码，里面的参数啥意思看tasks.json"code-runner.saveFileBeforeRun": true, // run code前保存"code-runner.preserveFocus": true, // 若为false，run code后光标会聚焦到终端上。如果需要频繁输入数据可设为false"code-runner.clearPreviousOutput": true, // 每次run code前清空属于code runner的终端消息"C_Cpp.clang_format_sortIncludes": false, // 格式化时调整include的顺序（按字母排序）,这个别开,不信以后遇到问题你就会来关了"C_Cpp.intelliSenseEngine": "Default", // 可以为Default或Tag Parser，后者较老，功能较简单。具体差别参考cpptools扩展文档"C_Cpp.errorSquiggles": "Disabled", // 因为有clang的lint，所以关掉"C_Cpp.autocomplete": "Disabled", // 因为有clang的补全，所以关掉"clang.completion.enable": true,"C_Cpp.dimInactiveRegions": false,"clang.cflags": [ // 控制c语言静态检测的参数"--target=x86_64-w64-mingw","-std=c11","-Wall"],"clang.cxxflags": [ // 控制c++静态检测时的参数"--target=x86_64-w64-mingw","-std=c++17","-Wall"],"files.associations": {"ostream": "cpp","iostream": "cpp","array": "cpp","atomic": "cpp","*.tcc": "cpp","cctype": "cpp","clocale": "cpp","cmath": "cpp","cstdarg": "cpp","cstddef": "cpp","cstdint": "cpp","cstdio": "cpp","cstdlib": "cpp","cstring": "cpp","cwchar": "cpp","cwctype": "cpp","deque": "cpp","unordered_map": "cpp","vector": "cpp","exception": "cpp","algorithm": "cpp","memory": "cpp","memory_resource": "cpp","optional": "cpp","string": "cpp","string_view": "cpp","system_error": "cpp","tuple": "cpp","type_traits": "cpp","utility": "cpp","fstream": "cpp","initializer_list": "cpp","iosfwd": "cpp","istream": "cpp","limits": "cpp","new": "cpp","sstream": "cpp","stdexcept": "cpp","streambuf": "cpp","typeinfo": "cpp","chrono": "cpp","thread": "cpp","winsock2.h": "c","ws2tcpip.h": "c","windows.h": "c","stdio.h": "c","ctime": "cpp","iomanip": "cpp"} // 效果效果比cpptools要好
}