java使用itext 直接生成pdf
itext 使用
- 需求背景
- itext 的使用
- 依赖
- 简单示例
- 基础设置（页面大小、边距、字体等）
- 段落内部，特殊设置关键字 字体或颜色
- 生成动态表格
- 页脚展示页数
- 其他
- 设置密码
- 添加水印（背景图）
- 目录
- Header, Footer
- 分割 PDF
- 合并 PDF
需求背景
在工作中经常会有生成pdf文件的需求，大多数情况下，我们只需要使用pdf模版添加表单域，就足以胜任了。但是有一些特殊的需求，需要生成较为复杂的文件，如动态数据表格、插入图像等。
这时候，我们就可以使用拼接的方式，将pdf文件内容一段段拼上去，组合成一个pdf文件，来灵活的操纵文件的排版与内存形式。
itext 的使用
依赖
<dependency><groupId>com.itextpdf</groupId><artifactId>itextpdf</artifactId><version>5.5.13</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.itextpdf/itext-asian -->
<dependency><groupId>com.itextpdf</groupId><artifactId>itext-asian</artifactId><version>5.2.0</version>
</dependency>简单示例
生成一个内容为“Hello World”的pdf文件
import com.itextpdf.text.*;
import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfWriter;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;/*** 生成一个内容为“Hello World”的pdf文件* @author ym*/
public class HelloWorld {public static void main(String[] args) {String FILE_DIR = "./"; // 项目根目录：盘符:/.../.../项目名称，注意：点号并不表示当前类文件所在的目录，而是项目目录下//Step 1—Create a Document. Document document = new Document();try {//Step 2—Get a PdfWriter instance.PdfWriter.getInstance(document, new FileOutputStream(FILE_DIR + "createSamplePDF.pdf"));//Step 3—Open the Document. document.open();//Step 4—Add content. document.add(new Paragraph("Hello World"));//Step 5—Close the Document. document.close();} catch (DocumentException ex) {Logger.getLogger(HelloWorld.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);} catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {Logger.getLogger(HelloWorld.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);}}
}基础设置（页面大小、边距、字体等）
//页面大小 Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(PageSize.A4.rotate());//页面背景色 rect.setBackgroundColor(BaseColor.ORANGE);// page , 外边距 marginLeft marginRight marginTop marginBottomDocument doc = new Document(rect,90, 90, 30, 40); // 新开一页doc.newPage();/*** 段落设置*/Paragraph titleParagraph = new Paragraph("hello world!", getChineseTitleFont());titleParagraph.setAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER);// 居中titleParagraph.setFirstLineIndent(24);// 首行缩进titleParagraph.setLeading(35f);// 行间距titleParagraph.setSpacingBefore(5f);// 设置上空白titleParagraph.setSpacingAfter(10f);// 设置段落下空白//支持中文 设置字体，字体颜色、大小等public Font getChineseTitleFont() throws RuntimeException {Font ChineseFont = null;try {/*** name – the name of the font or its location on file * encoding – the encoding to be applied to this font * embedded – true if the font is to be embedded in the PDF*/BaseFont simpChinese = BaseFont.createFont("STSongStd-Light", "UniGB-UCS2-H", BaseFont.NOT_EMBEDDED);ChineseFont = new Font(simpChinese, 15, Font.BOLD, BaseColor.BLACK);} catch (DocumentException e) {log.error("getChineseFont" ,"字体异常",e);throw new RuntimeException("getChineseFont字体异常",e);} catch (IOException e) {log.error("getChineseFont" ,"字体异常",e);throw new RuntimeException("getChineseFont字体异常",e);}return ChineseFont;}
段落内部，特殊设置关键字 字体或颜色
// 文本内容
String content = "This is a sample text with different colors.";
String[] words = content.split(" "); // 将文本拆分为单词for (String word : words) {Chunk chunk = new Chunk(word); // 创建一个新的 Chunk// 如果单词是 "different"，则设置为红色if (word.equals("different")) {chunk.setForegroundColor(BaseColor.RED);}// 如果单词是 "colors."，则设置为蓝色if (word.equals("colors.")) {chunk.setForegroundColor(BaseColor.BLUE);}contentParagraph.add(chunk); // 将 Chunk 添加到段落中contentParagraph.add(" "); // 添加单词之间的空格
}document.add(contentParagraph); // 将段落添加到文档中
生成动态表格
// 创建一个包含5列的表格PdfPTable table = new PdfPTable(5);// 添加表头table.addCell("Header 1");table.addCell("Header 2");table.addCell("Header 3");table.addCell("Header 4");table.addCell("Header 5");// 添加动态数据到表格for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {table.addCell("Data " + i + ", 1");table.addCell("Data " + i + ", 2");table.addCell("Data " + i + ", 3");table.addCell("Data " + i + ", 4");table.addCell("Data " + i + ", 5");}document.add(table);/*** 如果需要更精细的控制属性*/cell = new PdfPCell(new Phrase("title1",fontChinese));cell.setColspan(1);//设置所占列数cell.setRowspan(1);//合并行cell.setHorizontalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER);//设置水平居中cell.setVerticalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_MIDDLE);//设置垂直居中cell.setFixedHeight(30);//设置高度table.addCell(cell);
页脚展示页数
PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, new FileOutputStream(FILE_DIR + "createSamplePDF.pdf"));writer.setPageEvent(new FooterEvent());public class FooterEvent extends PdfPageEventHelper {//总页数PdfTemplate totalPage;//字体Font font;{try {BaseFont chinese = BaseFont.createFont("STSong-Light", "UniGB-UCS2-H", BaseFont.NOT_EMBEDDED);font = new Font(chinese,10);} catch (DocumentException | IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}//打开文档时，创建一个总页数的模版@Overridepublic void onOpenDocument(PdfWriter writer, Document document) {PdfContentByte cb = writer.getDirectContent();totalPage = cb.createTemplate(50, 9);}@Overridepublic void onEndPage(PdfWriter writer, Document document) {//创建一个两列的表格PdfPTable table = new PdfPTable(2);try {table.setTotalWidth(PageSize.A4.getWidth());//总宽度为A4纸张宽度table.setLockedWidth(true);//锁定列宽table.setWidths(new int[]{50, 50});//设置每列宽度PdfPCell cell = new PdfPCell(new Phrase("第"+document.getPageNumber() + " 页，共", font));cell.setHorizontalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_RIGHT);//设置水平右对齐cell.setVerticalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_MIDDLE);//设置垂直居中cell.disableBorderSide(15);//隐藏全部边框table.addCell(cell);PdfPCell cell1 = new PdfPCell(Image.getInstance(totalPage));//共 页cell1.setHorizontalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_LEFT);//设置水平左对齐cell1.setVerticalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_MIDDLE);//设置垂直居中cell1.disableBorderSide(15);//隐藏全部边框table.addCell(cell1);table.writeSelectedRows(0, -1, 0, 30, writer.getDirectContent());} catch (Exception e) {throw new ExceptionConverter(e);}}@Overridepublic void onCloseDocument(PdfWriter writer, Document document) {String text = "" +String.valueOf(writer.getPageNumber()-1) +"页";ColumnText.showTextAligned(totalPage, Element.ALIGN_MIDDLE, new Paragraph(text, font), 0, 0, 0);}}
其他
设置密码
PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(doc, out); // 设置密码为："World"
writer.setEncryption("Hello".getBytes(), "World".getBytes(), PdfWriter.ALLOW_SCREENREADERS, PdfWriter.STANDARD_ENCRYPTION_128); doc.open();
doc.add(new Paragraph("Hello World")); 添加水印（背景图）
//图片水印
PdfReader reader = new PdfReader(FILE_DIR + "setWatermark.pdf");
PdfStamper stamp = new PdfStamper(reader, new FileOutputStream(FILE_DIR + "setWatermark2.pdf")); Image img = Image.getInstance("resource/watermark.jpg");
img.setAbsolutePosition(200, 400);
PdfContentByte under = stamp.getUnderContent(1);
under.addImage(img); //文字水印
PdfContentByte over = stamp.getOverContent(2);
over.beginText();
BaseFont bf = BaseFont.createFont(BaseFont.HELVETICA, BaseFont.WINANSI, BaseFont.EMBEDDED);
over.setFontAndSize(bf, 18);
over.setTextMatrix(30, 30);
over.showTextAligned(Element.ALIGN_LEFT, "DUPLICATE", 230, 430, 45);
over.endText(); //背景图
Image img2 = Image.getInstance("resource/test.jpg");
img2.setAbsolutePosition(0, 0);
PdfContentByte under2 = stamp.getUnderContent(3);
under2.addImage(img2); stamp.close();
reader.close(); 目录
// Code 1
document.add(new Chunk("Chapter 1").setLocalDestination("1")); document.newPage();
document.add(new Chunk("Chapter 2").setLocalDestination("2"));
document.add(new Paragraph(new Chunk("Sub 2.1").setLocalDestination("2.1")));
document.add(new Paragraph(new Chunk("Sub 2.2").setLocalDestination("2.2"))); document.newPage();
document.add(new Chunk("Chapter 3").setLocalDestination("3")); // Code 2
PdfContentByte cb = writer.getDirectContent();
PdfOutline root = cb.getRootOutline(); // Code 3
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
PdfOutline oline1 = new PdfOutline(root, PdfAction.gotoLocalPage("1", false), "Chapter 1"); PdfOutline oline2 = new PdfOutline(root, PdfAction.gotoLocalPage("2", false), "Chapter 2");
oline2.setOpen(false); @SuppressWarnings("unused")
PdfOutline oline2_1 = new PdfOutline(oline2, PdfAction.gotoLocalPage("2.1", false), "Sub 2.1");
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
PdfOutline oline2_2 = new PdfOutline(oline2, PdfAction.gotoLocalPage("2.2", false), "Sub 2.2"); @SuppressWarnings("unused")
PdfOutline oline3 = new PdfOutline(root, PdfAction.gotoLocalPage("3", false), "Chapter 3"); 
Header, Footer
PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(doc, new FileOutputStream(FILE_DIR + "setHeaderFooter.pdf")); writer.setPageEvent(new PdfPageEventHelper() { public void onEndPage(PdfWriter writer, Document document) { PdfContentByte cb = writer.getDirectContent(); cb.saveState(); cb.beginText(); BaseFont bf = null; try { bf = BaseFont.createFont(BaseFont.HELVETICA, BaseFont.WINANSI, BaseFont.EMBEDDED); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } cb.setFontAndSize(bf, 10); //Header float x = document.top(-20); //左 cb.showTextAligned(PdfContentByte.ALIGN_LEFT, "H-Left", document.left(), x, 0); //中 cb.showTextAligned(PdfContentByte.ALIGN_CENTER, writer.getPageNumber()+ " page", (document.right() + document.left())/2, x, 0); //右 cb.showTextAligned(PdfContentByte.ALIGN_RIGHT, "H-Right", document.right(), x, 0); //Footer float y = document.bottom(-20); //左 cb.showTextAligned(PdfContentByte.ALIGN_LEFT, "F-Left", document.left(), y, 0); //中 cb.showTextAligned(PdfContentByte.ALIGN_CENTER, writer.getPageNumber()+" page", (document.right() + document.left())/2, y, 0); //右 cb.showTextAligned(PdfContentByte.ALIGN_RIGHT, "F-Right", document.right(), y, 0); cb.endText(); cb.restoreState(); }
}); doc.open();
doc.add(new Paragraph("1 page"));
doc.newPage();
doc.add(new Paragraph("2 page"));
doc.newPage();
doc.add(new Paragraph("3 page"));
doc.newPage();
doc.add(new Paragraph("4 page")); 分割 PDF
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(FILE_DIR + "splitPDF.pdf"); Document document = new Document(); PdfWriter.getInstance(document, out); document.open();
document.add(new Paragraph("1 page")); document.newPage();
document.add(new Paragraph("2 page")); document.newPage();
document.add(new Paragraph("3 page")); document.newPage();
document.add(new Paragraph("4 page")); document.close(); PdfReader reader = new PdfReader(FILE_DIR + "splitPDF.pdf"); Document dd = new Document();
PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(dd, new FileOutputStream(FILE_DIR + "splitPDF1.pdf"));
dd.open();
PdfContentByte cb = writer.getDirectContent();
dd.newPage();
cb.addTemplate(writer.getImportedPage(reader, 1), 0, 0);
dd.newPage();
cb.addTemplate(writer.getImportedPage(reader, 2), 0, 0);
dd.close();
writer.close(); Document dd2 = new Document();
PdfWriter writer2 = PdfWriter.getInstance(dd2, new FileOutputStream(FILE_DIR + "splitPDF2.pdf"));
dd2.open();
PdfContentByte cb2 = writer2.getDirectContent();
dd2.newPage();
cb2.addTemplate(writer2.getImportedPage(reader, 3), 0, 0);
dd2.newPage();
cb2.addTemplate(writer2.getImportedPage(reader, 4), 0, 0);
dd2.close();
writer2.close(); 合并 PDF
PdfReader reader1 = new PdfReader(FILE_DIR + "splitPDF1.pdf");
PdfReader reader2 = new PdfReader(FILE_DIR + "splitPDF2.pdf"); FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(FILE_DIR + "mergePDF.pdf"); Document document = new Document();
PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, out); document.open();
PdfContentByte cb = writer.getDirectContent(); int totalPages = 0;
totalPages += reader1.getNumberOfPages();
totalPages += reader2.getNumberOfPages(); java.util.List<PdfReader> readers = new ArrayList<PdfReader>();
readers.add(reader1);
readers.add(reader2); int pageOfCurrentReaderPDF = 0;
Iterator<PdfReader> iteratorPDFReader = readers.iterator(); // Loop through the PDF files and add to the output.
while (iteratorPDFReader.hasNext()) { PdfReader pdfReader = iteratorPDFReader.next(); // Create a new page in the target for each source page. while (pageOfCurrentReaderPDF < pdfReader.getNumberOfPages()) { document.newPage(); pageOfCurrentReaderPDF++; PdfImportedPage page = writer.getImportedPage(pdfReader, pageOfCurrentReaderPDF); cb.addTemplate(page, 0, 0); } pageOfCurrentReaderPDF = 0;
}
out.flush();
document.close();
out.close();