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基于机器学习的混凝土抗压强度及利用Docker与FastAPI进行模型部署并形成API

news 2025/5/5 1:41:28
利用Docker与FastAPI部署机器学习模型

构建和部署机器学习模型所设计到的步骤通常可以总结为：模型构建、创建API来提供模型预测、容器化API以及部署到云端. 有关相关环境配置问题，可以阅读基于WSL2+Docker+VScode搭建机器学习(深度学习)开发环境.

这个记事本主要内容如下：

  • 使用Scikit-learn构建机器学习模型;
  • 使用FastAPI创建REST API来提供模型预测；
  • 使用Docker容器化API；

项目目录树：
点击在线访问：利用Docker与FastAPI部署机器学习模型 Jupyter notebook

.ML-利用Docker与FastAPI部署机器学习模型
├── Appendix-files
│ ├── Readme.md
│ └── figures
│ ├── Postman_result.png
│ ├── containerize-app1.png
│ └── model-deployment.png
├── Dockerfile
├── ML-利用Docker与FastAPI部署机器学习模型.ipynb
├── app
│ ├── init.py
│ └── main.py
├── model
│ └── RF_model.pkl
└── requirements.txt

from IPython.display import ImageImage(filename='./Appendix-files/figures/model-deployment.png', width=550)

在这里插入图片描述

!pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pandas scikit-learn fastapi uvicorn matplotlib

Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Requirement already satisfied: pandas in c:\users\xiaoyao\.conda\envs\mldeploy\lib\site-packages (2.2.2)
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机器学习模型创建

这里以混凝土抗压强度预测为例，创建一个机器学习模型.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd

%pwd

'd:\\Code_folder\\machine_learning\\Useful-Python-Scripts\\Scripts_folder\\ML-利用Docker与FastAPI部署机器学习模型'

# 数据读取.
df = pd.read_csv('../../Datasets/混凝土抗压强度预测/concrete_data.csv')
print("DF shape:", df.shape)
df.tail()

DF shape: (1030, 9)
CementBlast Furnace SlagFly AshWaterSuperplasticizerCoarse AggregateFine AggregateAgeStrength
1025276.4116.090.3179.68.9870.1768.32844.28
1026322.20.0115.6196.010.4817.9813.42831.18
1027148.5139.4108.6192.76.1892.4780.02823.70
1028159.1186.70.0175.611.3989.6788.92832.77
1029260.9100.578.3200.68.6864.5761.52832.40
df.describe().T
countmeanstdmin25%50%75%max
Cement1030.0281.167864104.506364102.00192.375272.900350.000540.0
Blast Furnace Slag1030.073.89582586.2793420.000.00022.000142.950359.4
Fly Ash1030.054.18835063.9970040.000.0000.000118.300200.1
Water1030.0181.56728221.354219121.80164.900185.000192.000247.0
Superplasticizer1030.06.2046605.9738410.000.0006.40010.20032.2
Coarse Aggregate1030.0972.91893277.753954801.00932.000968.0001029.4001145.0
Fine Aggregate1030.0773.58048580.175980594.00730.950779.500824.000992.6
Age1030.045.66213663.1699121.007.00028.00056.000365.0
Strength1030.035.81796116.7057422.3323.71034.44546.13582.6
# 打印所有的列名.
print(list(df.columns))

['Cement', 'Blast Furnace Slag', 'Fly Ash', 'Water', 'Superplasticizer', 'Coarse Aggregate', 'Fine Aggregate', 'Age', 'Strength']

# 避免字段中的空格，以防各种问题.
df.columns = ['Cement', 'Blast_Furnace_Slag', 'Fly_Ash', 'Water', 'Superplasticizer', 'Coarse_Aggregate', 'Fine_Aggregate', 'Age', 'Strength']

df.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 1030 entries, 0 to 1029
Data columns (total 9 columns):#   Column              Non-Null Count  Dtype  
---  ------              --------------  -----  0   Cement              1030 non-null   float641   Blast_Furnace_Slag  1030 non-null   float642   Fly_Ash             1030 non-null   float643   Water               1030 non-null   float644   Superplasticizer    1030 non-null   float645   Coarse_Aggregate    1030 non-null   float646   Fine_Aggregate      1030 non-null   float647   Age                 1030 non-null   int64  8   Strength            1030 non-null   float64
dtypes: float64(8), int64(1)
memory usage: 72.5 KB

# 异常值处理.
def remove_outliers(df, col_name):Q1 = df[col_name].quantile(0.25)Q3 = df[col_name].quantile(0.75)IQR = Q3 - Q1df[col_name] = df[col_name].apply(lambda x: Q1-1.5*IQR if x < (Q1-1.5*IQR) else (Q3+1.5*IQR if x > (Q3+1.5*IQR) else x))return df

for col in df.select_dtypes(exclude='object').columns[:-1]:df = remove_outliers(df, col)

# 训练集与测试集划分.
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_splitX = df.iloc[:, :-1].values
y = df.iloc[:, -1].valuesX_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=1)
# 标准化处理.
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScalers = StandardScaler()
X_train = s.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test = s.transform(X_test)

# 模型训练与评估.
from sklearn.metrics import r2_score, mean_absolute_errordef model_train(model, X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test):model.fit(X_train, y_train)y_pred = model.predict(X_test)print("R2 Score:", r2_score(y_test, y_pred))print("Mean Absolute Error:", mean_absolute_error(y_test, y_pred))# print("Root Mean Squared Error:", root_mean_squared_error(y_test, y_pred))return model

# 线性回归.
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegressionmodel_train(LinearRegression(), X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test)

R2 Score: 0.6578667869972392
Mean Absolute Error: 7.385149849022975LinearRegression()

# 随机森林.
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor
RF_model = model_train(RandomForestRegressor(), X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test)

R2 Score: 0.8904714777790299
Mean Absolute Error: 3.6679456270226494
模型持久化
import pickle
import os# 创建一个目录用于存储模型.
os.makedirs('./model', exist_ok=True)# 模型保存.
with open('./model/RF_model.pkl', 'wb') as f:pickle.dump(RF_model, f)print('模型保存成功.')

模型保存成功.
创建FastAPI应用
# 已单独存为main.py文件.
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
import pickle 
import os# 定义输入样式.     # df.columns = ['Cement', 'Blast_Furnace_Slag', 'Fly_Ash', 'Water', 'Superplasticizer', 'Coarse_Aggregate', 'Fine_Aggregate', 'Age', 'Strength']
class InputData(BaseModel):Cement: float                  # 水泥含量，类型为浮点数Blast_Furnace_Slag: float      # 高炉渣含量，类型为浮点数Fly_Ash: float                 # 粉煤灰含量，类型为浮点数Water: float                   # 水含量，类型为浮点数Superplasticizer: float        # 超级塑化剂含量，类型为浮点数Coarse_Aggregate: float        # 粗骨料含量，类型为浮点数Fine_Aggregate: float          # 细骨料含量，类型为浮点数Age: int                       # 混凝土龄期，类型为整数# 数据输入示例.
"""
input_data = InputData(Cement=300.0,Blast_Furnace_Slag=100.0,Fly_Ash=50.0,Water=200.0,Superplasticizer=5.0,Coarse_Aggregate=1000.0,Fine_Aggregate=500.0,Age=28
)
"""# 初始化一个FastAPI app.
app = FastAPI(title='Concrete Compress Strength Prediction API')# 加载训练好的机器学习模型文件.
model_path = os.path.join("./model", "RF_model.pkl")
with open(model_path, 'rb') as f:model = pickle.load(f)@app.post("/predict")
def predict(data:InputData):# 用于预测的输入数据.input_features = [[data.Cement, data.Blast_Furnace_Slag, data.Fly_Ash, data.Water, data.Superplasticizer, data.Coarse_Aggregate, data.Fine_Aggregate, data.Age]]# 模型预测.prediction = model.predict(input_features)# 预测结果返回.return {"Predicted_Compress_Strength":prediction[0]}
使用docker进行容器化
# 创建dockerfile.# 使用Python 3.9作为基础镜像.
FROM python:3.9-slim# 创建并设置一个工作目录.
RUN mkdir -p /CodeWORKDIR /Code# 将项目requirements.txt复制到工作目录.
COPY requirements.txt /Code/requirements.txt# 安装工具包.
RUN pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /Code/requirements.txt# 复制app目录到工作目录.
COPY ./app /Code/app# 复制模型文件路径到工作目录.
COPY ./model /Code/model# 暴露80端口.
EXPOSE 80# 启动命令.
CMD [ "uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"]
创建Docker镜像
Image("./Appendix-files/figures/containerize-app1.png", width=550)

在这里插入图片描述

$ docker build -t concrete-compress-prediction-api .$ docker run -p 80:80 concrete-compress-prediction-api
访问

可以使用postman进行接口调试，也可以在bash中执行下面的命令：

Image("./Appendix-files/figures/Postman_result.png", width=550)

在这里插入图片描述

curl -X 'POST' \'http://127.0.0.1:80/predict' \-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \-d '{"Cement"=300.0,"Blast_Furnace_Slag"=100.0,"Fly_Ash"=50.0,"Water"=200.0,"Superplasticizer"=5.0,"Coarse_Aggregate"=1000.0,"Fine_Aggregate"=500.0,"Age"=28
}'

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