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Linux —— udp实现群聊代码

news 2025/5/15 3:52:22

一、介绍

前面我们一步步模拟实现了一个简单的udp服务器和客户端，通过这个服务器，我们简单实现一个群聊的功能，本篇是专门用来记录代码的，详细的实现思路可以去参考我其他两篇，Socket编程（一）和Socket编程（二）

二、代码

udp_server.cc

#include"udp_server.hpp"
#include<string>
#include<memory>
#include<cstdio>
#include<ctype.h>using namespace std;
using namespace chk;// 我们最终希望以 ./udp_server port 的形式去启动
static void usage(string proc)//使用手册
{std::cout << "Usage:\n\t" << proc << " port\n" << std::endl;
}int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{if(argc != 2){usage(argv[0]);exit(USAGE_ERR);}uint16_t port = atoi(argv[1]);unique_ptr<UdpServer> usvr(new UdpServer(port));usvr->start();return 0;
}

udp_server.hpp

#pragma once#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "errno.hpp"
#include <cstring>
#include <functional>
#include <unordered_map>
#include "RingQueue.hpp"
#include "Thread.hpp"
#include <vector>
#include "mylock.hpp"namespace chk
{const static uint16_t default_port = 8080;using func_t = std::function<std::string(std::string)>;//定义函数指针class UdpServer{public:// 对成员变量完成初始化UdpServer(uint16_t port = default_port) : _port(port){std::cout << "server port: " << _port << std::endl;pthread_mutex_init(&lock,nullptr);p = new Thread(1,std::bind(&UdpServer::Rev,this));c = new Thread(2,std::bind(&UdpServer::Broadcast,this));}void start() // 创建出套接字，并绑定端口号和ip{// 1. 创建套接字_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);if (_sock < 0){std::cerr << "create socket error: " << strerror(errno) << std::endl;exit(SOCKET_ERR);}std::cout << "bind socket success: " << _sock << std::endl; // 3// 2. 构建struct sockaddr_in结构体struct sockaddr_in local;bzero(&local, sizeof(local));       // 初始化local.sin_family = AF_INET;         // IPv4local.sin_port = htons(_port);      // 端口号local.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // 服务器下的ip// 3. 绑定套接字和sockaddr_inint n = bind(_sock, (struct sockaddr *)&local, sizeof(local));if (n < 0){std::cerr << "bind error: " << strerror(errno) << std::endl;exit(BIND_ERR);}std::cout << "bind socket success: " << _sock << std::endl;p->run();c->run();}void AddUser(const std::string &name, const struct sockaddr_in &peer){LockGuard lockgurad(&lock);auto iter = onlineuser.find(name);if(iter != onlineuser.end())return;//找到了则不需要作为新用户添加onlineuser.insert(std::pair<const std::string,const struct sockaddr_in>(name,peer));}void Rev() // 接受信息，并且创建和添加在线用户信息{char buffer[1024];while(true){//1. 收数据struct sockaddr_in peer; // 客户端信息socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);int n = recvfrom(_sock,buffer,sizeof(buffer)-1,0,(struct sockaddr*)&peer,&len);if(n>0) buffer[n] = '\0';else continue;//2. 收到信息后打印出来:对方ip+端口号+内容std::cout << inet_ntoa(peer.sin_addr) << " - " << ntohs(peer.sin_port) << " : " << buffer << std::endl;//3. 对用户的个人信息构建和添加到在线列表中std::string name = inet_ntoa(peer.sin_addr);name += " - ";name += std::to_string(ntohs(peer.sin_port));AddUser(name,peer);std::string msg = name + " >> " + buffer;rq.push(msg);//sendto(_sock,msg.c_str(),msg.size(),0,(struct sockaddr*)&peer,sizeof(peer));}}void Broadcast(){while(true){std::string msg;rq.pop(&msg);std::vector<struct sockaddr_in> v;//每次广播先将要发送的用户列表进行导出{LockGuard lockgurad(&lock);for(auto user: onlineuser){v.push_back(user.second);}}for(auto user:v) // 将信息广播{sendto(_sock,msg.c_str(),msg.size(),0,(struct sockaddr*)&user,sizeof(user));}}}~UdpServer() // 析构{pthread_mutex_destroy(&lock);c->join();p->join();delete c;delete p;}private:int _sock;uint16_t _port;func_t _service; // 信息处理方法std::unordered_map<std::string,struct sockaddr_in> onlineuser;//在线用户信息RingQueue<std::string> rq;//消息队列pthread_mutex_t lock; // 保护用户在线列表的互斥锁Thread* c;Thread* p;};
}

udp_cilent.hpp

#pragma once#include<iostream>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include<cstring>
#include<string>
#include"errno.hpp"

udp_cilent.cc

#include"udp_client.hpp"//基本要用到的头文件
using namespace std;
#include<pthread.h>static void usage(std::string proc)
{std::cout << "Usage:\n\t" << proc << " serverip serverport\n" << std::endl; 
}void* recver(void *args)
{int sock = *(static_cast<int*>(args));while(true){// 接受返回的信息char buffer[1024];struct sockaddr_in temp;socklen_t len = sizeof(temp);int n = recvfrom(sock,buffer,sizeof(buffer)-1,0,(struct sockaddr*)&temp,&len);if(n > 0){buffer[n] = 0;cout << buffer << endl;}}
}// ./udp_client server_ip server_port
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{if(argc != 3){usage(argv[0]);exit(USAGE_ERR);}string server_ip = argv[1];uint16_t server_port = atoi(argv[2]);//1. 创建套接字int sock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);if(sock < 0){cerr << "client : create socket error" << endl;exit(SOCKET_ERR);}//2. 创建server端的struct sockaddrstruct sockaddr_in server;memset(&server,0,sizeof(server));//初始化方案2server.sin_family = AF_INET;server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(server_ip.c_str());server.sin_port = htons(server_port);//3. 客户端测试// 这里需要多线程进行，一个线程发消息，一个线程进行实时的收广播消息pthread_t tid;pthread_create(&tid,nullptr,recver,&sock);while(true){// 用户发送消息string messages;cerr << "client : " ;getline(cin,messages);// 发送到socksendto(sock,messages.c_str(),messages.size(),0,(struct sockaddr*)&server,sizeof(server));}return 0;
}#include"udp_client.hpp"//基本要用到的头文件
using namespace std;
#include<pthread.h>static void usage(std::string proc)
{std::cout << "Usage:\n\t" << proc << " serverip serverport\n" << std::endl; 
}void* recver(void *args)
{int sock = *(static_cast<int*>(args));while(true){// 接受返回的信息char buffer[1024];struct sockaddr_in temp;socklen_t len = sizeof(temp);int n = recvfrom(sock,buffer,sizeof(buffer)-1,0,(struct sockaddr*)&temp,&len);if(n > 0){buffer[n] = 0;cout << buffer << endl;}}
}// ./udp_client server_ip server_port
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{if(argc != 3){usage(argv[0]);exit(USAGE_ERR);}string server_ip = argv[1];uint16_t server_port = atoi(argv[2]);//1. 创建套接字int sock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);if(sock < 0){cerr << "client : create socket error" << endl;exit(SOCKET_ERR);}//2. 创建server端的struct sockaddrstruct sockaddr_in server;memset(&server,0,sizeof(server));//初始化方案2server.sin_family = AF_INET;server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(server_ip.c_str());server.sin_port = htons(server_port);//3. 客户端测试// 这里需要多线程进行，一个线程发消息，一个线程进行实时的收广播消息pthread_t tid;pthread_create(&tid,nullptr,recver,&sock);while(true){// 用户发送消息string messages;cerr << "client : " ;getline(cin,messages);// 发送到socksendto(sock,messages.c_str(),messages.size(),0,(struct sockaddr*)&server,sizeof(server));}return 0;
}

errno.hpp

#pragma onceenum
{USAGE_ERR = 1,SOCKET_ERR,BIND_ERR
};

mylock.hpp

#pragma once#include<pthread.h>
#include<iostream>class Mutex
{
public:Mutex(pthread_mutex_t* pm):_pm(pm){}void lock(){pthread_mutex_lock(_pm);}void unlock(){pthread_mutex_unlock(_pm);}~Mutex(){}
private:pthread_mutex_t* _pm;
};class LockGuard
{
public:LockGuard(pthread_mutex_t* pm):_mutex(pm){_mutex.lock();}~LockGuard(){_mutex.unlock();}private:Mutex _mutex;
};

RingQueue.hpp

#pragma once#include<iostream>#include<vector>
#include<semaphore.h>
#include<pthread.h>static int N = 5;template<class T>
class RingQueue
{
private://封装一下PV操作void P(sem_t& sem){sem_wait(&sem);}void V(sem_t& sem){sem_post(&sem);}void Lock(pthread_mutex_t& m){pthread_mutex_lock(&m);}void Unlock(pthread_mutex_t& m){pthread_mutex_unlock(&m);}public:RingQueue(int num = N):_cap(num),_ring(num){sem_init(&_sem_consumer,0,0);sem_init(&_sem_producer,0,num);pthread_mutex_init(&_mutex_consumer,nullptr);pthread_mutex_init(&_mutex_producer,nullptr);_p_step = _c_step = 0;}void push(const T& in){//生产P(_sem_producer);//先申请再锁，能够更好的提高效率Lock(_mutex_producer);//一定有对应的空间资源给我_ring[_p_step++] = in;_p_step %= _cap;V(_sem_consumer);Unlock(_mutex_producer);}void pop(T* out){//消费P(_sem_consumer);Lock(_mutex_consumer);*out = _ring[_c_step++];_c_step %= _cap;V(_sem_producer);Unlock(_mutex_consumer);}~RingQueue(){sem_destroy(&_sem_consumer);sem_destroy(&_sem_producer);pthread_mutex_destroy(&_mutex_consumer);pthread_mutex_destroy(&_mutex_producer);}private:std::vector<T> _ring;int _cap;sem_t _sem_consumer;sem_t _sem_producer;int _c_step;int _p_step;//生产者下标//维护多生产者多消费者的互斥关系，生产和生产的互斥，消费和消费的互斥pthread_mutex_t _mutex_consumer;pthread_mutex_t _mutex_producer;
};

makefile

.PHONY:all
all: udp_client udp_serverudp_client:udp_client.ccg++ -o $@ $^ -std=c++11 -lpthread
udp_server:udp_server.ccg++ -o $@ $^ -std=c++11 -lpthread.PHONY:clean
clean:rm -f udp_client udp_server.PHONY:all
all: udp_client udp_serverudp_client:udp_client.ccg++ -o $@ $^ -std=c++11 -lpthread
udp_server:udp_server.ccg++ -o $@ $^ -std=c++11 -lpthread.PHONY:clean
clean:rm -f udp_client udp_server

Thread.hpp

#pragma once#include<iostream>
#include<pthread.h>
#include<string>
#include<stdlib.h>
using namespace std;class Thread
{
public:typedef enum//线程状态{NEW = 0,RUNNING,EXITED}ThreadStatu;//typedef void (*func_t)(void*);//函数指针using func_t = std::function<void ()>;public:Thread(int num,func_t func):_tid(0),_status(NEW),_func(func){char name[128];snprintf(name,sizeof(name),"thread-%d",num);_name = name;}int status() { return _status; }string threadname() { return _name; } pthread_t threadid(){if(_status == RUNNING){return _tid;}else{return 0;}}void operator()()// 仿函数，让线程执行任务的{if(_func != nullptr) _func();}static void* runHelper(void* args)//注意，这里的args和用户传入的args不一样，这里是this指针，用于调用函数的{Thread* pt = (Thread*)args;(*pt)();return nullptr;}void run()//启动线程{int n = pthread_create(&_tid,nullptr,runHelper,this);if(n != 0) exit(1);_status = RUNNING;}void join()//这里设计简单一点，默认不需要获取函数的返回值{int n = pthread_join(_tid,nullptr);if(n!=0){cerr << "join error" << endl;return;}_status = EXITED;}~Thread(){}
private:pthread_t _tid;//线程idstring _name;func_t _func; //线程未来要执行的回调ThreadStatu _status;void* _args;
};

三、测试效果


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