【4.0】vue3中的属性
【4.0】vue3中的属性
【一】计算属性computed
- export default中的computed属性
【1】单向计算属性computed
-
案例:输入姓和名,拼接得到姓名(但是姓名反过来显示性和名就报错)
-
person.fullname=computed(function(){return person.fistname+person.lastname }) #由于person.fistname+person.lastname会变,所以函数会自己变<template><div class="about"><h3>姓和名组合</h3><h4>请输入您的姓:<input type="text" v-model="person.fistname"> </h4><h4>请输入您的名:<input type="text" v-model="person.lastname"> </h4><h4>您的全名:<input type="text" v-model="person.fullname"> </h4></div> </template><script> import {ref, reactive, computed} from "vue";export default {name:'AboutView',setup(){//定义姓名函数const person=reactive({fistname:'',lastname:''})//定义pserson的fullname属性person.fullname=computed(function(){return person.fistname+person.lastname})return {person}}, } </script>
【2】双向计算属性set和get
-
类似变量1=变量2+变量3,当变量2和3变化时候1肯定变,现在1变带着2和3变
-
get是后面变前面在变,set是后面变(根据值分解参数)
-
person.fullName = computed({get() { return person.firstName + person.lastName},set(value) {person.firstName = value.slice(0, 1)person.lastName = value.slice(1)}<template><div class="about"><h3>姓和名组合</h3><h4>请输入您的姓:<input type="text" v-model="person.fistname"> </h4><h4>请输入您的名:<input type="text" v-model="person.lastname"> </h4><h4>您的全名:<input type="text" v-model="person.fullname"> </h4></div> </template><script> import {ref, reactive, computed} from "vue";export default {name:'AboutView',setup(){//定义姓名函数const person=reactive({fistname:'',lastname:''})// const fullname=ref('')person.fullname=computed({ get(){return person.fistname+person.lastname},set(value){person.fistname=value.slice(0,1)person.lastname=value.slice(1)return person.fistname,person.lastname}})return {person}},} </script>
【二】监听属性watch
【1】总结watch(value,(newValue, oldValue))
-
export default中的watch方法,放入watch中的值或者变量可以被监听,只要变化就会触发该函数,并且有俩参数(修改前,修改后)
-
watch(height, (newValue, oldValue) => {console.log('height变化了', newValue, oldValue) }) -
watch([变量1, 变量2], (newValue, oldValue) => {console.log('1或2变化了', newValue, oldValue) })
【2】监听值类型
-
<template><div class="about"><h3>监听值类型{{height}}</h3><button @click="heightadd">点我增加身高</button></div> </template><script> import {ref, reactive, computed, watch} from "vue";export default {name:'AboutView',setup(){//监听值类型const height=ref(180)//监听函数watch(height,(newvalue,oldvalue)=>{console.log(newvalue)console.log(oldvalue)})//变化函数 function heightadd(){height.value++}return {count,add,user_info,changename,person,height,heightadd}},} </script>
【2】监听对象类型
-
<h3>监听对象类型{{user}}</h3> <button @click="changeuser">点我换人</button>//监听对象类型 const user=reactive({username:'zhou',age:18})watch(user,(newvalue,oldvalue)=>{console.log(newvalue)console.log(oldvalue) }) function changeuser(){user.username='zhou6'user.age++ }
【3】多个变量一起监听
-
const sum = ref(100) const msg = ref('很好') function changeValue(){sum.value++msg.value='不太好' }watch([sum, msg], (newValue, oldValue) => {console.log('sum或msg变化了', newValue, oldValue) })
【4】watchEffect函数
-
不需要指定监听谁,只要变量在watchEffect内部使用了,当这个变量发生变化了,就会触发
-
wacth更适用于需要有条件监听数据变化的场景,computed更适合用于创建派生数据和性能优化,wactheffect会追踪函数内部的所有值,消耗比较大
-
如果多个都同时变化,只会执行一次
watchEffect(() => {const x1 = sum.valueconst x2 = person.nameconsole.log('watchEffect配置的回调执行了') })
