pygame开发课程系列（7）：打砖块，飞行射击，跳跃游戏实例开发
第七章 实践项目
在本章中，我们将通过三个实践项目来巩固和应用前面章节中学到的知识。这些项目涵盖了经典打砖块游戏、飞行射击游戏和简单的平台游戏，它们将帮助你更好地理解 Pygame 的使用，并为你开发自己的游戏提供灵感和实践经验。
7.1 项目 1: 经典打砖块
目标: 设计一个简单的打砖块游戏，玩家控制一个挡板，反弹一个球，打破砖块以获得分数。
7.1.1 设计基本逻辑
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初始化 Pygame：
import pygame import syspygame.init() -
设置游戏窗口：
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600)) pygame.display.set_caption("经典打砖块") -
定义颜色：
BLACK = (0, 0, 0) WHITE = (255, 255, 255) RED = (255, 0, 0) -
创建挡板、球和砖块：
# 挡板 paddle = pygame.Rect(350, 550, 100, 20) paddle_speed = 5# 球 ball = pygame.Rect(390, 530, 20, 20) ball_speed_x = 3 ball_speed_y = -3# 砖块 bricks = [pygame.Rect(60 + i * 60, 50 + j * 30, 50, 20) for i in range(10) for j in range(5)] -
游戏循环：
clock = pygame.time.Clock()while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:paddle.x -= paddle_speedif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:paddle.x += paddle_speed# 更新球的位置ball.x += ball_speed_xball.y += ball_speed_y# 碰撞检测if ball.left <= 0 or ball.right >= 800:ball_speed_x = -ball_speed_xif ball.top <= 0:ball_speed_y = -ball_speed_yif ball.colliderect(paddle):ball_speed_y = -ball_speed_y# 砖块碰撞for brick in bricks[:]:if ball.colliderect(brick):ball_speed_y = -ball_speed_ybricks.remove(brick)# 绘制screen.fill(BLACK)pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, paddle)pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, RED, ball)for brick in bricks:pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, brick)pygame.display.flip()clock.tick(60)
完整代码如下：
import pygame
import syspygame.init()screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
pygame.display.set_caption("经典打砖块")BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED = (255, 0, 0)# 挡板
paddle = pygame.Rect(350, 550, 100, 20)
paddle_speed = 5# 球
ball = pygame.Rect(390, 530, 20, 20)
ball_speed_x = 3
ball_speed_y = -3# 砖块
bricks = [pygame.Rect(60 + i * 60, 50 + j * 30, 50, 20) for i in range(10) for j in range(5)]clock = pygame.time.Clock()while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:paddle.x -= paddle_speedif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:paddle.x += paddle_speed# 更新球的位置ball.x += ball_speed_xball.y += ball_speed_y# 碰撞检测if ball.left <= 0 or ball.right >= 800:ball_speed_x = -ball_speed_xif ball.top <= 0:ball_speed_y = -ball_speed_yif ball.colliderect(paddle):ball_speed_y = -ball_speed_y# 砖块碰撞for brick in bricks[:]:if ball.colliderect(brick):ball_speed_y = -ball_speed_ybricks.remove(brick)# 绘制screen.fill(BLACK)pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, paddle)pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, RED, ball)for brick in bricks:pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, brick)pygame.display.flip()clock.tick(60)
最终运行效果如图：
7.2 项目 2: 飞行射击游戏
目标: 创建一个简单的飞行射击游戏，玩家控制飞行器，射击敌人，避免被敌人击中。
7.2.1 设计基本逻辑
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初始化 Pygame 和 设置窗口：
import pygame import syspygame.init() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600)) pygame.display.set_caption("飞行射击游戏") -
定义颜色和资源：
WHITE = (255, 255, 255) BLACK = (0, 0, 0)# 飞行器 player = pygame.Rect(375, 500, 50, 30) player_speed = 5# 子弹 bullets = []# 敌人 enemies = [pygame.Rect(i * 60, j * 50, 40, 30) for i in range(10) for j in range(3)] -
游戏循环：
clock = pygame.time.Clock()while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:player.x -= player_speedif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:player.x += player_speedif keys[pygame.K_SPACE]:bullets.append(pygame.Rect(player.centerx - 5, player.top - 10, 10, 20))# 更新子弹位置for bullet in bullets[:]:bullet.y -= 10if bullet.bottom < 0:bullets.remove(bullet)# 碰撞检测for bullet in bullets[:]:for enemy in enemies[:]:if bullet.colliderect(enemy):bullets.remove(bullet)enemies.remove(enemy)# 绘制screen.fill(BLACK)pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, player)for bullet in bullets:pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, bullet)for enemy in enemies:pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, enemy)pygame.display.flip()clock.tick(60)
整体代码：
import pygame
import syspygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
pygame.display.set_caption("飞行射击游戏")WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)# 飞行器
player = pygame.Rect(375, 500, 50, 30)
player_speed = 5# 子弹
bullets = []# 敌人
enemies = [pygame.Rect(i * 60, j * 50, 40, 30) for i in range(10) for j in range(3)]clock = pygame.time.Clock()while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:player.x -= player_speedif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:player.x += player_speedif keys[pygame.K_SPACE]:bullets.append(pygame.Rect(player.centerx - 5, player.top - 10, 10, 20))# 更新子弹位置for bullet in bullets[:]:bullet.y -= 10if bullet.bottom < 0:bullets.remove(bullet)# 碰撞检测for bullet in bullets[:]:for enemy in enemies[:]:if bullet.colliderect(enemy):bullets.remove(bullet)enemies.remove(enemy)# 绘制screen.fill(BLACK)pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, player)for bullet in bullets:pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, bullet)for enemy in enemies:pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, enemy)pygame.display.flip()clock.tick(60)
运行效果如下：
7.3 项目 3: 简单的爬梯跳跃游戏
目标: 设计一个基本的小游戏玩家可以在梯子上移动和跳跃。
7.3.1 设计基本逻辑
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初始化 Pygame 和 设置窗口：
import pygame import syspygame.init() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600)) pygame.display.set_caption("简单的平台游戏") -
定义颜色和资源：
WHITE = (255, 255, 255) GREEN = (0, 255, 0) BLUE = (0, 0, 255)# 玩家 player = pygame.Rect(50, 500, 40, 60) player_speed = 5 player_jump = False player_y_velocity = 0# 平台 platforms = [pygame.Rect(0, 550, 800, 50), pygame.Rect(200, 400, 200, 20)] gravity = 0.5 -
游戏循环：
clock = pygame.time.Clock()while True:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:player.x -= player_speedif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:player.x += player_speedif keys[pygame.K_SPACE] and not player_jump:player_y_velocity = -10player_jump = True# 应用重力player_y_velocity += gravityplayer.y += player_y_velocity# 平台碰撞for platform in platforms:if player.colliderect(platform):if player_y_velocity > 0:player.bottom = platform.topplayer_y_velocity = 0player_jump = False# 边界检测if player.bottom > 600:player.bottom = 600player_y_velocity = 0player_jump = False# 绘制screen.fill(BLUE)pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, player)for platform in platforms:pygame.draw.rect(screen, GREEN, platform)pygame.display.flip()clock.tick(60)
运行效果如下：
小结
在本章中，我们通过三个实践项目展示了如何使用 Pygame 开发简单的游戏。这些项目不仅让你了解了游戏开发的基本流程，还帮助你掌握了 Pygame 的核心功能。你可以使用这些项目作为起点，继续扩展和改进你的游戏，或者尝试创建更多不同类型的游戏。通过不断实践和优化，你将能够创建更复杂、更有趣的游戏项目。